Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important worldwide problems in clinical practice. The prevalence varies from place to place.
The risk factors vary as the method of study and the bacteria being studied; however, common, risk factors include longterm use of board-spectrum antibiotics, under/sub-therapeutic dosage of the antibiotic, prolonged stay in hospital or long-term care facilities, host underlying disease, catheter indwelling and contamination by health-care personnel.
Mechanisms of resistance can be categorized as drug inactivation/modification (the most common mechanism), alteration in target site, bypass pathways and decreased uptake.
Infection control and optimization of antibiotic usage are the best ways for prevention and control of antibiotic resistance.