Canada is a developed country in North America where has the comprehensive and multidisciplinary care for premature neonates. Improved medical and nursing techniques, better regionalization of perinatal and high-risk neonatal care and a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of the premature neonates have all contributed to dramatic increases in survival. Prematurity can have long-term effects. Many premature infants have medical, developmental, or behavioral problems that continue into childhood or are permanent.