The problem of juvenile delinquency has increased from 1994-2000. Before understanding how to solve this problem, we first must study the causes. This project aimed to look at the association of child-rearing practices, social support and juvenile delinquency in the lower part of southern Thailand. A case-control study was performed. The subjects were 100 children who were confined in the Correctional Institute of Songkhla Province. The control group was a group of 100 nonconfined children of the same demographic group. Two hundred caretakers of both groups were also included in the study. Data collected by interview and in-depth interview. Results: It was found that 98% of the juvenile delinquents were male, with an average age of 17 years. Fourty-seven percent had graduated from primary school, and 87% were raised in the Buddhist religion. Sixty-five percent were first-time offenders, and the average number of times of confinement was 1.5. Serious causes of confinement were rape and robbery, and less serious causes included drug addiction (amphetamine and inhaled). Fifty-eight percent got low scores in school, and 64% loved their mothers more than their fathers. Sixty-six percent did not like their strict caretaker. Twenty-eight percent wanted to be policemen. Fifty percent of the children lived with their parents. Thirty-three percent of the caretakers were merchants with their own business. Sixty-six percent never gave reinforcement to their children, and 68% of the families included an addicted person. Sixty-one percent had some family support, and 86% had a friend. Eighty-one percent never consulted their teachers and 82% thought that their friends were not better than their kin. Factors positively related to juvenile delinquency included caretakers who were stingy and very strict and often punished without reason. Compared with the control group, the confined group were 5.3 times (OR 5.3, 95%CI = 2.14-13.33) more likely to be delinquents, 12.8 times (OR 12.8, 95%CI = 3.59-45.72) more likely to want to die, and 3.2 times (OR 3.2, 95%CI = 1.39-7.46) less likely to have reinforcement. Conclusion: The results indicate that the role of parents is very important for the children, so people should marry before having children. The role of the teacher in providing social support for young people should be increased.